Flow proposed by psychologist Mihály Csíkszentmihályi

2008.4康健雜誌報導一篇「七訣竅 自動自發學習」，其中提到 麻省理工學院媒體實驗室文化研究小組負責人米哈里

（Csikszentmihalyi）所著的《創造力》中，他研究全世界有
創意的人，發現他們有一個共通點，就是從小有過心流（flow）經驗，就是主動、專注而忘我的經驗。

- 1975年由心理學家 Mihály Csíkszentmihályi所提出

- 相關中文翻譯著作：快樂從心開始（天下出版）



- What is FLOW：

Flow is the mental state of operation in which the person is fully immersed in what he or she is doing, characterized by a feeling of energized focus, full involvement, and success in the process of the activity.

-Components of FLOW:

1. Clear goals (expectations and rules are discernible and goals are attainable and align appropriately with one's skill set and abilities).
2. Concentrating and focusing, a high degree of concentration on a limited field of attention (a person engaged in the activity will have the opportunity to focus and to delve deeply into it).
3. A loss of the feeling of self-consciousness, the merging of action and awareness.
4. Distorted sense of time, one's subjective experience of time is altered.
5. Direct and immediate feedback (successes and failures in the course of the activity are apparent, so that behavior can be adjusted as needed).
6. Balance between ability level and challenge (the activity is neither too easy nor too difficult).
7. A sense of personal control over the situation or activity.
8. The activity is intrinsically rewarding, so there is an effortlessness of action.
9. People become absorbed in their activity, and focus of awareness is narrowed down to the activity itself, action awareness merging.


source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_(psychology)